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      <marc:subfield code="a">Bank of Canada.</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Analytical derivatives for Markov switching models / </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="h">[electronic resource]</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="c">by Jeff Gable, Simon van Norden and Robert Vigfusson. </marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Ottawa - Ontario : </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">Bank of Canada </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="c">August 1995.</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Bank of Canada working paper</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="x">1701-9397</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="v">95-7</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">"This paper derives analytical gradients for a broad class of regime-switching models with Markovian state-transition probabilities. Such models are usually estimated by maximum likelihood methods, which require the derivatives of the likelihood function with respect to the parameter vector. These gradients are usually calculated by means of numerical techniques. The paper shows that analytical gradients considerably speed up maximum-likelihood estimation with no loss in accuracy. A sample program listing is included."--Abstract.</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">The ISBN (0-662-23685-8) and ISSN (1192-5434) for the print edition have been incorrectly copied in this electronic publication.</marc:subfield>
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    <marc:datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">This paper derives analytical gradients for a broad class of regime-switching models with Markovian state-transition probabilities. Such models are usually estimated by maximum likelihood methods, which require the derivatives of the likelihood function with respect to the parameter vector. These gradients are usually calculated by means of numerical techniques. The paper shows that analytical gradients considerably speed up maximum-likelihood estimation with no loss in accuracy. A sample program listing is included.--Abstract</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Résumé en français.</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">11-19-Supp</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">2011-09-23</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Vigfusson, Robert</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Gable, Jeff</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">van Norden, Simon</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="t">Analytical derivatives for Markov switching models / </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="w">(CaOODSP)9.612490</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Working paper (Bank of Canada)</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="x">1701-9397</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="v">95-7</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="w">(CaOODSP)9.504604</marc:subfield>
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    <marc:datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0">
      <marc:subfield code="a">http://publications.gc.ca</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="q">PDF</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="s">188 KB</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="u">https://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/FB3-2-95-7E.pdf</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="y">95-7</marc:subfield>
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