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    <marc:controlfield tag="003">CaOODSP</marc:controlfield>
    <marc:controlfield tag="005">20211126112845</marc:controlfield>
    <marc:controlfield tag="007">cr |||||||||||</marc:controlfield>
    <marc:controlfield tag="008">150406|1999||||xxc|||||o    f|0| 0 eng|d</marc:controlfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">1701-9397</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">n-cn---</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Bank of Canada.</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Forecasting GDP growth using artificial neural networks / </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="h">[electronic resource]</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="c">by Greg Tkacz and Sarah Hu. </marc:subfield>
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    <marc:datafield tag="260" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Ottawa - Ontario : </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">Bank of Canada </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="c">January 1999.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">33p.</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">figs., graphs, references, tables</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Bank of Canada working paper</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="x">1701-9397</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="v">99-3</marc:subfield>
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    <marc:datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">"In this paper, the authors wish to determine whether the forecasting performance of such variables can be improved using neural network models. The main findings are that, at the 1-quarter forecasting horizon, neural networks yield no significant forecast improvements. At the 4-quarter horizon, however, the improved forecast accuracy is statistically significant. The root mean squared forecast errors of the best neural network models are about 15 to 19 per cent lower than their linear model counterparts. The improved forecast accuracy may be capturing more fundamental non-linearities between financial variables and real output growth at the longer horizon."--Abstract.</marc:subfield>
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    <marc:datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">The ISBN (0-662-27537-3) and ISSN (1192-5434) for the print edition have been incorrectly copied in this electronic publication.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">In this paper, the authors wish to determine whether the forecasting performance of such variables can be improved using neural network models. The main findings are that, at the 1-quarter forecasting horizon, neural networks yield no significant forecast improvements. At the 4-quarter horizon, however, the improved forecast accuracy is statistically significant. The root mean squared forecast errors of the best neural network models are about 15 to 19 per cent lower than their linear model counterparts. The improved forecast accuracy may be capturing more fundamental non-linearities between financial variables and real output growth at the longer horizon.--Abstract</marc:subfield>
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    <marc:datafield tag="546" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Résumé en français.</marc:subfield>
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    <marc:datafield tag="590" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">11-20-Supp</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">2011-09-29</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Gross national product</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="2">gcpds</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Forecasting</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Tkacz, Greg</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Hu, Sarah</marc:subfield>
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    <marc:datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="#">
      <marc:subfield code="t">Forecasting GDP growth using artificial neural networks / </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="w">(CaOODSP)9.614702</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Working paper (Bank of Canada)</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="x">1701-9397</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="v">99-3</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="w">(CaOODSP)9.504604</marc:subfield>
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    <marc:datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0">
      <marc:subfield code="a">http://publications.gc.ca</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="q">PDF</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="s">200 KB</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="u">https://publications.gc.ca/collections/Collection/FB3-2-99-3E.pdf</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="y">99-3</marc:subfield>
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