Experimental criteria for classification of rock substances / D.F. Coates and R.C. Parsons, Fuels and Mining Practice Division.: M38-8/26E-PDF

"The classification system previously suggested for consideration uses categories describing both the rock substance and the rock mass. The rock substance was to be classified with respect to strength, pre-failure deformation characteristics and failure characteristics. The divisions within these categories were to be kept to a minimum owing to the much greater importance of structural features in determining the behaviour of most rock masses. Also, the detailed rock properties appropriate for specific problems cannot be considered in a classification system which must be based on information that can be easily obtained. Since the original proposal, many research workers have offered criticisms and alternate suggestions. Also, extensive testing has been done on a wide range of rock substances to determine if the previously suggested criteria produced classifications that are acceptable from a common-sense point of view. As a result of the suggestions by others and the classification testing, it is now recommended that the previous proposal be modified to include the geological name of the rock and to change the dividing line between weak and strong to 700 ksc (10,000 psi). In addition, owing to the variety of patterns of rheological behaviour, it is thought that instead of trying to distinguish between elastic and viscous substances and plastic and brittle failure based on deformation characteristics, it might be better simply to classify the substance as either elastic or yielding with the term yielding meaning a certain minimum time-dependent strain rate or a certain proportion of total strain being permanent. Further criticisms and suggestions are invited"--Abstract, p. 181.

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