The effects of some variations in fabrication procedure on the properties of lead zirconate-titanate ceramics made from spray-dried, co-precipitated powders / A.H. Webster, T.B. Weston and V.M. McNamara.: M38-8/32E-PDF

"Lead zirconate-titanate piezoelectric ceramic disks were prepared from spray-dried, co-precipitated powders by cold-pressing and sintering. The effects of several processing variables on the electromechanical properties of the ceramics were determined. It was found that satisfactory samples could be fabricated from the spray-dried powders without milling, and that the forming pressure could be varied over a considerable range with little effect on the final properties. Disks sintered in oxygen showed only a slight improvement in properties over those sintered in air. In general, an increase in planar coupling factor could be achieved by increasing the sintering temperature or sintering time, but some decrease in dielectric constant was observed at the highest temperatures and longest times. Precipitates with a slight excess or deficiency of lead oxide tended toward stoichiometry with respect to lead oxide during sintering under appropriate conditions"--Abstract, p. 61.

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