<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><marc:collection xmlns:marc="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
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    <marc:leader>00000nam  22000008a 4500</marc:leader>
    <marc:controlfield tag="001">9.842120</marc:controlfield>
    <marc:controlfield tag="003">CaOODSP</marc:controlfield>
    <marc:controlfield tag="005">20221107152244</marc:controlfield>
    <marc:controlfield tag="007">cr |||||||||||</marc:controlfield>
    <marc:controlfield tag="008">170821s2017    onc     o    f000 0 eng d</marc:controlfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">978-0-660-09938-5</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">CaOODSP</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">eng</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">n-cn--</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">CS11-0019/397E-PDF</marc:subfield>
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    <marc:datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Chronic low income among immigrants in Canada and its communities </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="h">[electronic resource] / </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="c">by Garnett Picot and Yuqian Lu.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="260" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">[Ottawa] : </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">Statistics Canada, </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="c">c2017.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">43 p.</marc:subfield>
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    <marc:datafield tag="490" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Analytical Studies Branch research paper series, </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="x">1205-9153 ; </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="v">no. 397</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Issued also in French under title: Faible revenu chronique chez les immigrants au Canada et dans ses collectivités.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">"Release date: September 29, 2017."</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="504" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Includes bibliographic references.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">"This  paper  examines the  rate  of  chronic  low  income  among  immigrants  aged  25  or  older  in Canada during the 2000s. Chronic low income is defined as having a family income under a low-income cut-off for five consecutive years or more. A regionally adjusted low-income measure is used for the analysis. Among immigrants who were in low income in any given year, about one-half were in chronic low income. The highest chronic rates were observed among immigrant seniors, as well as immigrants who were unattached or lone parents. There were large differences in the chronic low-income rate by immigrant place of birth, even after adjusting for differences in other  immigrant  background  characteristics.  The  chronic  low-income  rate  was  lower  among economic class immigrants than among family or refugee classes, but the difference was reduced after  adjusting  for  background  characteristics.  Chronic  low-income  rates  among  immigrants varied significantly across the 29 cities/regions in the study, varying by a factor of 5 between the highest  and  lowest  rates.  However,  the  community  ranking  was  not  static  and  changed significantly between the beginning and end of the 2000s"--Abstract.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="692" ind1="0" ind2="7">
      <marc:subfield code="2">gccst</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="a">Immigrants</marc:subfield>
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    <marc:datafield tag="692" ind1="0" ind2="7">
      <marc:subfield code="2">gccst</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="a">Low income</marc:subfield>
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    <marc:datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Lu, Yuqian.</marc:subfield>
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    <marc:datafield tag="710" ind1="2" ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Statistics Canada. </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">Analytical Studies Branch.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="775" ind1="0" ind2="8">
      <marc:subfield code="t">Faible revenu chronique chez les immigrants au Canada et dans ses collectivités </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="w">(CaOODSP)9.842133</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="830" ind1="#" ind2="0">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Research paper series (Statistics Canada. Analytical Studies Branch)</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="x">1205-9153 ; </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="v">no. 397</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="w">(CaOODSP)9.504421</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0">
      <marc:subfield code="q">PDF</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="s">548 KB</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="u">https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2017/statcan/11f0019m/11f0019m2017397-eng.pdf</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="986" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">11F0019M No. 397 </marc:subfield>
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