<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><marc:collection xmlns:marc="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim">
  <marc:record>
    <marc:leader>00000nam  2200000zi 4500</marc:leader>
    <marc:controlfield tag="001">9.868964</marc:controlfield>
    <marc:controlfield tag="003">CaOODSP</marc:controlfield>
    <marc:controlfield tag="005">20241203113646</marc:controlfield>
    <marc:controlfield tag="006">m     o  d f      </marc:controlfield>
    <marc:controlfield tag="007">cr |||||||||||</marc:controlfield>
    <marc:controlfield tag="008">190227s1987    oncabd #ob   f100 0 eng d</marc:controlfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">CaOODSP</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">eng</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="e">rda</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="c">CaOODSP</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">eng</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">fre</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">n-cn---</marc:subfield>
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    <marc:datafield tag="086" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">En13-5/87-106E-PDF</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Beltaos, S., </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="d">1944- </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="e">author.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Ice jams / </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="c">by S. Beltaos.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Burlington, Ontario, Canada : </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">National Water Research Institute, Canada Centre for Inland Waters, River Research Branch, Water Quantity Modelling and Monitoring, </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="c">[1987]</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">1 online resource (18 pages) : </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">illustrations, maps, graphs.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">text</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">txt</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="2">rdacontent</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">computer</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">c</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="2">rdamedia</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">online resource</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">cr</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="2">rdacarrier</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="490" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">NWRI contribution ; </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="v">87-106</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">"RRB-87-25"--Cover.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">"This report has been submitted IAHS Workshop on River Ice, Vancouver, August 12, 1987"--Cover.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Digitized edition from print [produced by Environment and Climate Change Canada].</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="504" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Includes bibliographical references.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">"Ice jamming is the most serious effect of river ice. Problems caused by ice jams include damage to structures, interference with navigation, constraints to hydropower production and flooding, the latter having the greatest impact. To anticipate and alleviate such problems, a thorough understanding of ice jam processes is necessary. These processes, i.e. formation, evolution and release, are discussed so as to identify various types of jams, important hydroclimatic factors and regional variations in the ice regime. Because much of the current knowledge is qualitative or empirical, the solution of various problems depends not only on application of scientific principles but also on site-specific observations and ice monitoring. Occasionally, the processes are so complex that physical modelling is necessary. Mitigation methods are reviewed briefly and broadly classified as structural or non-structural. The former are generally reliable but expensive while the latter are much cheaper but often ineffective. To improve the state of the art, advancements in several areas are needed. These include basic research, instrumentation and techniques for field measurements, and development of suitable materials to substitute an ice cover in laboratory experimentation"--Abstract, page 1.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="546" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Includes a management perspective and an abstract in English and French.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="692" ind1="0" ind2="7">
      <marc:subfield code="2">gccst</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="a">Ice</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="692" ind1="0" ind2="7">
      <marc:subfield code="2">gccst</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="a">Modelling</marc:subfield>
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    <marc:datafield tag="692" ind1="0" ind2="7">
      <marc:subfield code="2">gccst</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="a">Rivers</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="710" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Canada. </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">Environment Canada.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="710" ind1="2" ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">National Water Research Institute (Canada). </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">Rivers Research Branch.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="710" ind1="2" ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Canada Centre for Inland Waters.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="830" ind1="#" ind2="0">
      <marc:subfield code="a">NWRI contribution ;</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="v">87-106.</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="w">(CaOODSP)9.844121</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0">
      <marc:subfield code="q">PDF</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="s">1.93 MB</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="u">https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2019/eccc/en13-5/En13-5-87-106-eng.pdf</marc:subfield>
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