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    <marc:controlfield tag="003">CaOODSP</marc:controlfield>
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    <marc:controlfield tag="008">190903t20212021onc     ob   f000 0 eng d</marc:controlfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">CaOODSP</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">eng</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="e">rda</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="c">CaOODSP</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">n-cn---</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">PS113-1/2021-2E-PDF</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Babchishin, Kelly M., </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="e">author.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Economic outcomes of Canadian federal offenders / </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="c">by Kelly M. Babchishin, Leslie-Anne Keown, and Kimberly P. Mularczyk.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Ottawa, Ontario : </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">Public Safety Canada = Sécurité publique Canada, </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="c">2021.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
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      <marc:subfield code="c">©2021</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">1 online resource (30 pages, 7 unnumbered pages).</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">text</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">txt</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="2">rdacontent</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">computer</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">c</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="2">rdamedia</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">online resource</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">cr</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="2">rdacarrier</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Research report ; </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="v">2021-R002</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Cover title.</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Issued also in HTML format.</marc:subfield>
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    <marc:datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Issued also in French under title: Débouchés économiques des délinquants sous responsabilité fédérale au Canada.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="504" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Includes bibliographical references (pages 23-26).</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">"Employment is a key factor that helps reduce reoffending rates among individuals with criminal records. The current study examined the economic outcomes of 11,158 federal offenders (Mage in 2014 = 47 years) admitted to Correctional Service of Canada institutions between January 4th, 1999 and December 31st 2001 (median admission year = 2000) who were released in the community for an average of 14 years. The purpose of the current study was to better understand the economic outcomes of Canadian federal offenders. More than half of the cohort of released offenders filed their taxes (5,835 of 11,158). The current study suggests that individuals with criminal records face considerable barriers when seeking employment in Canada, with only half of the individuals released from federal institutions finding employment after an average of 14 years. Individuals released from federal correctional institutions participated in the labour market less, made substantially less employment income, received more social assistance payments, and filed taxes less than the general Canadian population. After an average of 14 years post release, most individuals were underemployed with a median income of $0. Of those who reported employment, the average reported income was $14,000. This is less than half of what Canadians in the general population earn through employment. We also found that barriers to finding gainful employment following incarceration disproportionately impacted women, Indigenous, and older individuals, with these groups fairing even poorer than men, non-Indigenous, and younger individuals with criminal records. The current study suggests that more should be done to assist individuals with a criminal record secure gainful employment"--Abstract, page 2.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Criminals</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="x">Rehabilitation</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="z">Canada.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Criminals</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="x">Employment</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="z">Canada.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="0">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Criminals</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="z">Canada</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="x">Economic conditions</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="y">21st century.</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Canada. </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">Public Safety Canada. </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">Research Division, </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="e">issuing body.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="775" ind1="0" ind2="8">
      <marc:subfield code="t">Débouchés économiques des délinquants sous responsabilité fédérale au Canada / </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="w">(CaOODSP)9.878841</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="830" ind1="#" ind2="0">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Research report (Canada. Public Safety Canada)</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="v">2021-R002.</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="w">(CaOODSP)9.817073</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="q">PDF</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="s">1.01 MB</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="u">https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2021/sp-ps/PS113-1-2021-2-eng.pdf</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="q">HTML</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="s">N/A</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="u">https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/2021-r002/index-en.aspx</marc:subfield>
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