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      <marc:subfield code="a">Sopchokchai, Duangsuda, </marc:subfield>
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    <marc:datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Introducing the housing hardship concept / </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="c">authors: Duangsuda Sopchokchai, Stephanie Shewchuk.</marc:subfield>
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    <marc:datafield tag="246" ind1="1" ind2="7">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Research insight : </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">introducing the housing hardship concept</marc:subfield>
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    <marc:datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1">
      <marc:subfield code="a">[Ottawa] : </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="c">2020.</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="c">©2019</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">1 online resource (7 pages in various pagings) : </marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Research insight</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">"January 2020."</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Title from caption.</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Issued also in French under title: Présentation du concept de difficultés de logement.</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Includes bibliographical references (page 3).</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">"One of the key metrics CMHC has used to measure housing affordability is the 30% shelter cost-to-income ratio (STIR). The 30% STIR threshold implies that households may have difficulty affording necessities such as food, clothing and transportation if they are spending 30% or more of their income on shelter costs. However, whether or not the housing expenses have, in fact, left a household with insufficient income to purchase those necessities is a gap not filled with the STIR approach. This report addresses this gap by introducing a new indicator, a measure of housing hardship, which directly assesses whether a household can afford necessary basic goods and services, like food and transportation, in addition to housing expenses. Households who do not have sufficient income left over to pay for these necessities after their housing costs are considered to be in a situation of housing-induced hardship"--Introduction, page [1].</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Households</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Cost and standard of living</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation.</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="t">Présentation du concept de difficultés de logement / </marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="q">PDF</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="s">181 KB</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="u">https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2020/schl-cmhc/nh18-33/NH18-33-29-2020-eng.pdf</marc:subfield>
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