Regression coefficients and equations used to develop the winter 2020-21 aircraft ground deicing holdover time tables / prepared by Benjamin Bernier.: T52-4/104-2020E-PDF

"Under winter precipitation conditions, aircraft are cleaned prior to takeoff. This is typically done with aircraft ground deicing fluids, which are freezing point depressant fluids developed specifically for aircraft use. If required, aircraft are then protected against further accumulation of precipitation by the application of aircraft ground anti-icing fluids, which are also freezing point depressant fluids. Most anti-icing fluids contain thickeners to extend protection time. Prior to the 1990s, aircraft ground de/anti-icing had not been extensively researched. However, following several ground icing related incidents in the late 1980s, an aircraft ground icing research program was initiated by Transport Canada (TC). The objective of the program is to improve knowledge, improve safety, and enhance operational capabilities of aircraft operating in winter precipitation conditions. … Under contract to the TC Innovation Centre, with support from the FAA William J. Hughes Technical Center, TC Civil Aviation, and FAA Flight Standards – Air Carrier Operations, APS Aviation Inc. (APS) carried out research in the winter of 2019-20 in support of the aircraft ground icing research program. Each major project completed as part of the 2019-20 research is documented in a separate individual report. This report documents the regression information project"--Introduction, page 1 (first section).

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