Immigrants’ age at arrival and social networks in Canada / by Maciej Karpinski, Amélie Arsenault, Christoph Schimmele and Max Stick.: CS36-28-0001/2024-12-2E-PDF

"This study used the 2020 General Social Survey to examine the association between immigrants’ age at arrival in Canada and their social connectedness to their communities of settlement. Immigrants who arrived during adolescence had fewer close friends than Canadians in the third generation or more, but this disparity was not observed for immigrants who arrived during childhood and there was no significant difference for those who arrived during adulthood, after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. The number of acquaintances immigrants had decreased with older age at arrival, and those who arrived during adulthood had significantly fewer acquaintances than Canadians in the third generation or more. The proportion of interethnic friendships in immigrants’ social networks was consistently higher compared with Canadians in the third generation or more. Immigrants who arrived during adolescence or adulthood had less in-person contact with their friends than people from the third generation or more but were not less satisfied with their level of contact"--Abstract, page 1.

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