Culture of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in iron-rich groundwater : Stuart Pilot Hatchery experiences 1981-1983 / by D.D. MacKinlay, D.D. MacDonald, M.K. Johnson, and R.F. Fielden.: Fs97-4/1944E-PDF

"Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) were cultured at a pilot hatchery located in Fort Saint James, B.C., during 1981 and 1982-83, to test the suitability of the water from a deep, artesian well as a potential source for an enhancement facility to serve local stocks. The water is anoxic and has an iron content averaging 0.5 mg/L, which produces a heavy, red-brown flocculant when it is aerated. In 1981, studies showed that rearing fish from 1.0 to 3.5 g in iron-enriched water containing up to 5.0 mg/L of iron did not decrease survival and only slightly decreased growth rate compared to fish reared in filtered water (0.02 mg/L iron). Studies in 1982-83 showed that raw well water (0.3-1.0 mg/L iron) caused severe mortalities in incubating eggs and newly hatched alevins, due to suffocation by precipitated floc. Again, rearing success was not affected by iron content. It was concluded that simple aeration and mechanical filtration during the incubation phase of operation would make this water suitable for fish culture"--Abstract, page iv.

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