Chemical and biological oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 2024 / Marjolaine Blais, Stephanie A. Clay, Peter S. Galbraith, and Michel Starr.: Fs97-18/405E-PDF

"This report presents an overview of chemical and biological oceanographic conditions in the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence in 2024 relative to long-term means, based on data from the Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program (AZMP) and regional programs. Oxygen saturation reached record lows at 200 m in the Estuary and northwest Gulf, and at 250 m in the latter. Nutrient inventories were generally below normal in surface waters and above normal in deep layers. Vertically integrated chlorophyll a inventories were near or slightly below normal, except in the Estuary and northwest Gulf, where they were above normal. Remote sensing observations showed slightly below-normal surface chlorophyll a on the Magdalen Shallows, and near or above normal elsewhere. Spring blooms were early or near normal, while fall blooms were delayed. Zooplankton biomass was generally low in the Gulf, despite above-normal abundances of Calanus finmarchicus, mainly due to very low Calanus hyperboreus levels at several sites. Small calanoids, non-copepods, and warm-water copepods abundances were mostly below or near normal. Calanus finmarchicus showed an early phenology"--Abstract, page v.

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