An example of the effect of orography on a squall line / by M.J. Newark = Exemple de l'effet de l'orographie sur une ligne de grains / par M.J. Newark.: En57-58/832-1976E-PDF

"A mesoscale analysis of a squall line crossing the lower Great Lakes on August 25, 1975 shows that its behaviour was similar to the model proposed by Pedgley (1958). In one respect however it showed a marked difference. This was a "jump" over an area to the lee of the Niagara Escarpment and an area along the north shore of Lake Erie. The former is called the Toronto rain shadow area and received no precipitation whatsoever while in nearby locations as much as 40 mm of rain fell. In this respect the line showed a resemblance to other cases in Pennsylvania where there is a terrain feature similar to the Niagara Escarpment. Attempts are made to show that orographic effects played a large part in its behaviour, particularly with regard to the "jump". It is believed that the results of the analysis are consistent with the idea that two mechanisms transmitted the effects of terrain to the atmosphere. These are orographic lift in the case of thunderstorm formation and lee waves in the case of thunderstorm dissipation--Abstract.

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