Principal predators and consumption of juvenile and adult Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence / Hugues P. Benoît and Jean-François Rail. : Fs70-5/2016-065E-PDF

"Here we review the available information on interannual and seasonal trends in the abundance, distribution and diet of the major predators of Herring in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence (sGSL). The focus is on predators of late juvenile and adult Herring, which are the stages that are considered in the assessments for the spring and fall spawning stocks. The objective is to use the best available science to estimate the trends in the consumption of sGSL Herring by predators for the period covered by the assessment, 1978 to 2014. All of the predators considered consume both spring and fall spawning Herring, and it was not possible to estimate consumption specific to each spawning stock. We begin by reviewing the available information for individual predators and estimating contemporary levels of Herring consumption for each. We then combine the available information to estimate a time series of overall consumption"--Introduction (p. 1).

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