The civilianization of police in Canada / by John Kiedrowski ... [et al.]. : PS18-34/2016E-PDF

"Civilianization, or the use of civilians in policing, goes back to the inception of modern policing in the United Kingdom (UK) under Robert Peel in 1829. The primary impetus for civilianization is claimed to be a concern for greater cost-effectiveness and efficiency in the face of fiscal constraints. More recently, civilians have been employed in new emerging areas of police work or in areas where they were formerly excluded. These duties include community liaison, specialized support for criminal investigations, investigation of economic and computer crimes, and intelligence gathering and analysis. The functions civilians carry out in police organizations can be classified in terms of four major operational categories: administration, special uniformed services, investigative support, and areas involving highly specialized knowledge often of a technical nature. These operational categories, it should be noted, may not correspond to the ways different police services view work functions. The objectives of this study are to empirically assess and discuss: financial benefits and costs in terms of savings achieved (or not achieved); non-economic benefits and/or costs of civilianization in police organizations; and challenges, including those related to crime reduction and prevention and other forms of productivity; organizational cohesion; job satisfaction; labour relations; collective agreements; and morale associated with the civilianization process in various police services”--Introd., p. 1.

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