Modelling survival and establishment of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella, in the Great Lakes Basin / Lisa A. Jones ... [et al]. : Fs70-5/2016-101E-PDF

"Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), is a large, herbivorous fish that was first introduced to North America in 1963 for aquatic macrophyte control. It has since escaped from where it was stocked and entered rivers of the central United States and has dispersed through the Mississippi River basin towards the Great Lakes. Commerce is also another source of spread in the United States, where sale of diploid and certified triploid (reproductively sterile) Grass Carp is legal in several states. Between 2007 and 2012, 45 Grass Carp were known to have been caught in the Great Lakes basin, raising concerns that a sufficient number of individuals are present and may be able to form a self-sustaining population. The potential for Grass Carp to invade the Great Lakes is of increasing concern and there is a management need to understand the probability of introduction and the potential ecological consequences of Grass Carp to the Great Lakes basin. Three modelling approaches were used to inform the likelihood of Grass Carp survival and establishment in the Great Lakes basin"--Abstract, p. v.

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