Imputing postal codes to analyze ecological variables in longitudinal cohorts : exposure to particulate matter in the Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort Database / by Philippe Finès, Lauren... : CS11-633/2017-6E-PDF

"This paper describes a method of imputing missing postal codes in a longitudinal database. The 1991 Canadian Census Health and Environment Cohort (CanCHEC), which contains information on individuals from the 1991 Census long-form questionnaire linked with T1 tax return files for the 1984-to-2011 period, is used to illustrate and validate the method. The cohort contains up to 28 consecutive fields for postal code of residence, but because of frequent gaps in postal code history, missing postal codes must be imputed. To validate the imputation method, two experiments were devised where 5% and 10% of all postal codes from a subset with full history were randomly removed and imputed. The proportion of discrepancies in displacements and mean exposure were consistently higher in the experiment with 10% removed postal codes"--Abstract, p. 5.

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