A comparison of bottom-feed and top-feed reaction systems for hydrodesulphurization / T. Takematsu and B.I. Parsons, Fuels Research Centre. : M34-20/161E-PDF

“The bulletin describes a bench-scale investigation of top-feed (mixed phase) and bottom-feed (liquid phase) continuous-flow systems for the hydrodesulphurization of a heavy "coker" gas-oil derived from the Athabasca bitumen. The specific gravity of the feed stock was 0.95 and the sulphur content was 3.4 wt %. The catalyst used was a commercially prepared mixture of the oxides of cobalt and molybdenum on alumina. In almost every respect the bottom-feed system was found to be more effective than the top-feed arrangement. The greater heat transferring capability of the liquid phase and the mixing effected by the bubbling hydrogen improved temperature control within the reactor considerably. More extensive desulphurization (at higher space velocities) was possible with the bottom-feed arrangement because of the longer residence time and improved temperature control. Fuel oil containing 1 % sulphur could be produced at a space velocity of 3, 355°C and 2000 psi with only 3 to 4 % hydrocracking to low-boiling fractions. Fuel oil containing only 0.5 % sulphur could be produced at similar temperatures and pressures at a space velocity of 2"--Abstract, p. [i].

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