Groundwater flow and solute transport in fractured media / by P. Lapcevic, K. Novakowski, E. Sudicky. : En13-5/97-112E-PDF

"In this chapter, we will try to provide basic theory and practical advice for guiding investigations of the hydrogeology of fractured rock sites. Our aim has been to focus this discussion on the hydrogeological representation of fractured rock systems at scales below which an equivalent porous media (EPM) approach is adequate. To this end, the modeling and field sections will outline techniques to characterize discrete fractures and fracture networks in the subsurface. A basic introduction to structural geology will be provided to assist in determining how the features that govern groundwater flow in fractured media are formed and how to go about finding them. A brief outline of the principal processes involved in the flow of groundwater and transport of contaminants in individual fractures is presented. In addition, some methods commonly used in the field characterization of fractured rock will be described. These elements become the building blocks for the development of a conceptual model of groundwater flow. A discussion of conceptual models for both single fractures and fracture networks is included. Finally,an overview of analytical and numerical modeling techniques for fractured rock will be presented"--p. 17-2,

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