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    <marc:controlfield tag="001">9.851560</marc:controlfield>
    <marc:controlfield tag="003">CaOODSP</marc:controlfield>
    <marc:controlfield tag="005">20221107154415</marc:controlfield>
    <marc:controlfield tag="007">cr |||||||||||</marc:controlfield>
    <marc:controlfield tag="008">180212s2018    oncd    ob   f000 0 eng d</marc:controlfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">CaOODSP</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">eng</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">eng</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Chen, Marie.</marc:subfield>
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    <marc:datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0">
      <marc:subfield code="a">High-frequency trading and institutional trading costs </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="h">[electronic resource] / </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="c">by Marie Chen and Corey Garriott.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="260" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">[Ottawa] : </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">Bank of Canada, </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="c">2018.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">ii, 44 p. : </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">charts (some col.)</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Bank of Canada staff working paper, </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="x">1701-9397 ; </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="v">2018-8</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">"February 2018."</marc:subfield>
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    <marc:datafield tag="504" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-27).</marc:subfield>
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    <marc:datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">“Using bond futures data, we test whether high-frequency trading (HFT) is engaging in back running, a trading strategy that can create costs for financial institutions. We reject the hypothesis of back running and find instead that HFT mildly improves trading costs for institutions. After a rapid increase in the number of HFTs, trading costs as measured by implementation shortfall decrease by 27 basis points for smaller-sized positions ($2–$10 million notional). For larger-sized positions there is no significant effect. We explain the improvement as being the consequence of HFT reducing effective spreads and per-trade price impacts"--Abstract, p. ii.</marc:subfield>
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    <marc:datafield tag="546" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Includes abstract in French.</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="2">gccst</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="a">Stock markets</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="2">gccst</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="a">Financial institutions</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Electronic trading of securities</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Garriott, Corey.</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Bank of Canada.</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Staff working paper (Bank of Canada)</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="x">1701-9397 ; </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="v">2018-8</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="w">(CaOODSP)9.806221</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="q">PDF</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="s">1.91 MB</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="u">https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2018/banque-bank-canada/FB3-5-2018-8-eng.pdf</marc:subfield>
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