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    <marc:controlfield tag="001">9.862201</marc:controlfield>
    <marc:controlfield tag="003">CaOODSP</marc:controlfield>
    <marc:controlfield tag="005">20221107160944</marc:controlfield>
    <marc:controlfield tag="007">cr |||||||||||</marc:controlfield>
    <marc:controlfield tag="008">180920s2018    oncd    ob   f000 0 eng d</marc:controlfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">CaOODSP</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">eng</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">eng</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">FB3-5/2018-40E-PDF</marc:subfield>
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    <marc:datafield tag="245" ind1="0" ind2="4">
      <marc:subfield code="a">The welfare cost of inflation revisited </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="h">[electronic resource] : </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">the role of financial innovation and household heterogeneity / </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="c">by Shutao Cao … [et al.].</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="260" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">[Ottawa] : </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">Bank of Canada, </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="c">2018.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">ii, 51 p. : </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">col. charts.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="490" ind1="1" ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Bank of Canada staff working paper, </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="x">1701-9397 ; </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="v">2018-40</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">"August 2018."</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="504" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Includes bibliographical references (p. 41-42).</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">"This paper calculates the welfare cost of inflation by focusing on distortions and costs that inflation poses on households who use money for transactions to avoid alternative means of payment and on the losses inflicted on the holders of public debt arising from unexpected inflation. In doing so, we take into account of the role of financial innovation that reduces over time the dependence of households on money to make transactions. We find a sizable aggregate welfare cost of money holdings, but lower than those found in previous studies. The difference mainly comes from the incorporation of financial innovation in our studies. Across households, the old and middle-aged and the poor face higher costs from inflation much more than the young and the rich. Costs are expected to be lower for future generations due to financial innovation"--Non-technical summary.</marc:subfield>
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    <marc:datafield tag="546" ind1=" " ind2=" ">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Includes abstract in French.</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="2">gccst</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="a">Inflation</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="2">gccst</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="a">Standard of living</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Cao, Shutao.</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Bank of Canada.</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Staff working paper (Bank of Canada)</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="x">1701-9397 ; </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="v">2018-40.</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="w">(CaOODSP)9.806221</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="q">PDF</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="s">793 KB</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="u">https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2018/banque-bank-canada/FB3-5-2018-40-eng.pdf</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
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