Superplasticizers : their effect on fresh and hardened concrete / V.M. Malhotra. : M38-13/79-31E-PDF

"Superplasticizers are a new family of admixtures which can either be used as high-range water reducers or be incorporated into concrete to produce "flowing" concrete. They were introduced into North America in 1976 and since then a number of research laboratories have been developing data on their effect on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. This paper reviews these developments. The properties of fresh concrete reviewed include bleeding and segregation, increases in slump and its subsequent loss with time, initial setting time, entrained air content, effect of repeated dosages, vibration requirements, and pumpability of superplasticized concrete. The properties of hardened concrete reviewed include accelerated strength, mechanical and elastic properties, freeze-thaw durability, resistance to salt scaling and sulphate attack"--Synopsis, p. i.

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