Fade to black? : get the gist on the informal, grey, black, and terrorist economies, 2015 / written by: Dennis D. Draeger. : J4-90/2019E-PDF

"Hidden beneath the formal economy (economic activity that is taxed and monitored by government and used for national calculations of gross national product [GNP]) are a mass of transactions both monetary and otherwise which go unaccounted for. As a whole, these untaxed and unregulated activities are large enough to be considered an economy of their own, albeit an illegal one. This is generally referred to as the shadow/underground economy. The transactions that make up the shadow/underground (or hidden) economy range from untaxed babysitting to drug smuggling, human trafficking and murder for hire and so on. The unreported funds support benign activities (e.g., household livings expenses) to illegal and dangerous ones (e.g., organizations enabling terrorist attacks)"--page 4.

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