Zebra mussels as biomonitors for organic contaminants in the lower Great Lakes and a study of the contaminant normalization options / Michael E. Comba, Janice L. Metcalfe-Smith and Klaus L.E. Kaiser. : En13-5/96-07E-PDF

"The purpose of this study was to contribute to the growing database on the distributions and levels of organic contaminants in zebra mussels throughout the Great Lakes, and to address several issues related to their use as system-wide biomonitors. Zebra mussels were collected from 24 sites in the lower Great Lakes and St. Lawrence River and analyzed-for organochlorine, pesticides and PCBs to determine if they (i) accumulated measurable concentrations of the contaminants of concern in the system; (ii) exhibited a wide range of concentrations, thus indicating that they are sensitive to differences in pollution levels; and (iii) reflected the known spatial distributions of contaminants, and corroborated trends indicated by other biomonitors. A further objective was to determine if the method for normalizing contaminant body burdens in the mussels had any significant influence on the concentrations"--Introduction, page 6.

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