Application of laser-excited atomic fluorescence spectrometer to study lead distribution in Great Lakes waters / V. Cheam [and five others]. : En13-5/92-22E-PDF

"This paper reports for the first time the application of a Laser-Excited AtomicFluorescence Spectrometer (LEAFS) to study lead distribution in the Great Lakes waters. A class 100 clean laboratory for in-house work and a portable clean lab for field work were used for all sample handling, and an exhaustive cleaning procedure was used to clean all labware. Lead concentrations were determined by direct analysis of 20 µL water samples without any preconcentration steps, which are required by traditional analytical methods. Pb profiles were generated for numerous stations showing relatively high concentrations in the Niagara-Hamilton region of Lake Ontario. The overall average concentration of dissolved lead for Lakes Ontario, Erie and Superior waters was, respectively, .25, 9 and 4 ppt, which are comparable to some recent data reported using GFAAS and clean room practices, but are much smaller than historical data generated by AAS- solvent extraction technique. These latter data are most probably biased high as they were generated under less than ideal conditions using unproven sample handling techniques and insensitive analytical methods"--Abstract.

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