A review of functional monitoring methods to assess mitigation, restoration, and offsetting activities in Canada / Douglas C. Braun, Karen E. Smokorowski, Michael J. Bradford, Luc Glover. : Fs70-5/2019-057E-PDF

"Fisheries and Oceans Canada's Fisheries Protection Program (FPP) manages the impacts of habitat degradation or loss of fish productivity through management measures that include mitigation, restoration, and offsetting. To determine the effectiveness of these management measures, three levels of standardized monitoring have been recommended: 1) compliance, 2) functional, and 3) effectiveness monitoring. This report focuses on functional monitoring and provides a review of functional assessment approaches, methods, and the information needed to develop a standardized functional monitoring program. Functional monitoring is defined as a science-based, scaled-down version of effectiveness monitoring that relies on surrogate metrics to assess whether management measures provide expected conditions suitable for fish to carry out their life processes. Functional monitoring will use a quantitative approach that employs quick and easy to measure indicators of fish productivity. It will be applied to projects predicted to have low and/or well understood impacts. Objectives of a functional monitoring program are to determine if management measures recommended in the letter of advice, or required by the Fisheries Act authorization (e.g., mitigation, restoration, offsetting) are functioning as intended. This report is the first step in providing science advice on the approaches, methods, and information required to develop a standardized functional monitoring program"--Abstract, page vii.

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