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      <marc:subfield code="a">Duprey, Thibaut, </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="e">author.</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Business closures and (re)openings in real time using Google Places / </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="c">by Thibaut Duprey, Daniel E. Rigobon, Philip Schnattinger, Artur Kotlicki, Soheil Baharian and T. R. Hurd.</marc:subfield>
    </marc:datafield>
    <marc:datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1">
      <marc:subfield code="a">Ottawa, Ontario, Canada : </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="b">Bank of Canada = Banque du Canada, </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="c">2022.</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="c">©2022</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">1 online resource (ii, 22 pages) : </marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Staff working paper = </marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="x">1701-9397 ; </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="v">2022-1</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">"Last updated: January 5, 2022."</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Includes bibliographical references (pages 17-18).</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">"We present a new method to measure business opening and closure rates using real-time information from Google Places, the dataset behind the Google Maps service. Our Canadian application confirms the importance of temporary closures and reopenings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Over 50% of the temporarily closed food and retail businesses during the April 2021 lockdown reopened by the end of September. Our estimates align well with the timing of COVID-19 restrictions and are validated by a survey of recently opened businesses. Our framework provides policy-makers with a tool for the timely monitoring of business dynamics"--Abstract, page ii.</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Business enterprises</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="v">Statistics.</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">COVID-19 (Disease)</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="z">Canada</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Entreprises</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">COVID-19</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Bank of Canada, </marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="e">issuing body.</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="a">Staff working paper (Bank of Canada)</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="v">2022-1.</marc:subfield>
      <marc:subfield code="w">(CaOODSP)9.806221</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="q">PDF</marc:subfield>
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      <marc:subfield code="u">https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2022/banque-bank-canada/FB3-5-2022-1-eng.pdf</marc:subfield>
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