Sampling techniques to detect canopy infestations of the hemlock woolly adelgid. : Fo123-1/118E-PDF

"The Great Lakes Forestry Centre (GLFC) has developed two early-detection sampling techniques: ball sampling and sticky trapping that detect canopy infestations of the non-native hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand) (HWA). This insect invaded Canada in the provinces of Nova Scotia (2017) and Ontario (2013) and is killing eastern hemlock, an important ecological foundation species. Hemlock stands greatly moderate temperature and intercept precipitation, which allows several wildlife species to flourish during critical times of the year. In order to manage HWA effectively, it is important to detect populations when they are small and before they begin to kill trees. This note describes how these two techniques are used to detect a small or newly established population of HWA in a hemlock stand. We define a small population as one where approximately 2% or more of the twigs have HWA or 2% or more of the hemlock trees in a stand are infested with HWA"--Introduction.

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