Comparison of water chemistry of hydraulic-fracturing flowback water from two geological locations at the Duvernay Formation, Alberta, Canada / M.S. Reid, X. Wang, N. Utting, and C. Jiang. : M183-2/8852E-PDF

"Chemical characterization of hydraulic fracturing (HF) flowback and produced water (FPW) is important to the environmental sustainability of HF operations. In this work, we analysed and compared HF FPW samples from different well locations as well as FPW samples from a single well over time. The results provide vital information to assess the reusability of flowback water and guide treatment options. Additionally, this work has the potential to provide guidance on best practices for HF fluid additives for future reuse as well as provide a more complete understanding of FPW chemical makeup to guide treatment options. While reuse of FPW is desirable, it is not feasible in many operations. In these scenarios, transportation for offsite treatment or disposal increases the risk of an environmental spill of FPW. This work will provide data to aid clean-up efforts and determination of the environmental fate of FPW contaminants. Overall, this work will provide economic benefits to the oil and gas sector by increasing FPW reuse which decreases wastewater disposal costs and reduces environmental impacts of HF operations by decreasing the volume of used surface water and risk of FPW environmental spills"--Executive summary, page ii.

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