Targeted detection of European green crab (Carcinus maenas) and Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) using environmental DNA / Marion Chevrinais [and 9 others]. : Fs97-6/3539E-PDF

"Mitigating the impact of Aquatic Invasive Species (AIS) is critical because of their potential to disturb ecosystems. AIS introduction involves low abundances, which can limit detection with traditional monitoring. Environmental DNA detection (eDNA, or DNA from organisms in the environment) is a relatively sensitive tool for monitoring AIS at low abundances. We present targeted assays for eDNA detection based on quantitative PCR for two AIS, the European green crab (Carcinus maenas) and the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis). In silico validation showed that the C. maenas assay was species-specific whereas the E. sinensis assay also detected two other Eriocheir species (not reported in Canada but potential invaders). Specificity of the 2 assays was assessed in vitro by testing against phylogenetically related species commonly encountered in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, none of which showed DNA amplification. Assay sensitivity was high for both species (limit of detection <2.5 DNA copies/qPCR reaction). Detection of eDNA in situ confirmed findings from traditional monitoring for C. maenas in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. E. sinensis eDNA was detected in the St. Lawrence River but its presence was not confirmed (no active sampling). This study provides targeted eDNA detection protocols with high sensitivity, adapted to Atlantic Canadian waters, and validated to level 4 according to the DFO minimum requirements for eDNA science. These protocols have been implemented for monitoring by the DFO Quebec region since 2019"--Abstract, page vi.

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