A database of reported beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) and narwhal (Monodon monoceros) ice entrapments in the Canadian Arctic / by Jeff W. Higdon, D. Bruce Stewart, Joel P. Heath, Patt Hall, Steven... : Fs97-6/3576E-PDF

"Beluga whales and narwhals are widely distributed in the Canadian Arctic, where they are of socioeconomic and cultural importance to Inuit and managed under sustainable harvest limits. These ice-adapted species are susceptible to occasional mortality if they are entrapped by sea ice. Entrapments typically occur when there is a rapid freeze-up. Weather, tides, bathymetry (sills), and currents can be contributing factors. In recent years (starting in 2008) entrapments of narwhal in eastern Canada and West Greenland have occurred outside typical times and locations, suggesting that anthropogenic activities (e.g., seismic activity, shipping) may also be contributing factors. We compiled a comprehensive entrapment database to support research on the prevalence and causes of these events and their potential impacts on beluga and narwhal populations in the Canadian Arctic"--Abstract.

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