Aerial field trials with a new formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis acainst the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) / by O.N. Morris, J.A. Armstrong and M.J. Hildebrand. : Fo64-37/144-1977E-PDF

"Mixtures of Dipel 36B, a highly concentrated commercial formulation of Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) and acephate (Orthene®) (O,S-dimethylphosphoramidothioate), an organophosphate insecticide, were applied by aircraft onto 20 to 30-hectare blocks of white spruce Picea glauca (Moench) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.)) trees infested with spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem). The formulation contained carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and a sunlight screen, Uvinul DS49. Dosage rate applied was 30 Billion International Units of B.t. with and without 42 g AI of acephate in 9.4 ℓ/hectare. Drop density was generally high with one plot receiving 88 drops/cm² at ground level. In spite of this, efficacy of the treatments in terms of population reduction and foliage protection was low, due most likely to the presence of PVP in the fonmlation and to tin-usually high natural budworm mortality. The treatments had no immediate deleterious effect on the spruce budworm parasite complex"--Abstract, page i.

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