Oceanographic conditions in the Atlantic zone in 2023 / Peter S. Galbraith, Marjolaine Blais, Martine Lizotte, Frédéric Cyr, David Bélanger, Benoit Casault, Stephanie Clay, Chantelle Layton, Michel Starr,... : Fs97-18/379E-PDF

"This summarizes oceanographic conditions for 2023 detailed in Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program (AZMP) reports. Sea surface temperatures were overall second highest since records began in 1982. Summer cold intermediate layer conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence were fourth warmest and thinnest in the time series, but near normal elsewhere in the zone. Bottom temperatures remained high in the Gulf but reached normal temperatures almost everywhere else. In recent years a shift in the zooplankton community occurred, with lower abundances of C. finmarchicus and higher abundances of Pseudocalanus spp., causing a decline in overall zooplankton biomass. A zone-wide record high abundance of C. finmarchicus in 2023 moderated this pattern. The deep waters of the St. Lawrence Gulf and Estuary have experienced a decrease in the inflow of cold, oxygen-rich Labrador Current Water, accompanied by an increase in the influx of warm, oxygen-poor North Atlantic Central Water since 2009. This has led to unprecedentedly low pH levels in the St. Lawrence Estuary in 2023, as well as record-low oxygen saturation values in 2022. The increase in transport along the Scotian Shelf break observed in 2023 for the first time in a decade may be indicative of the stabilization of these trends"--Abstract, page iv.

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