Computing ship resolution gain for horizontal towed arrays / David W. Craig ; approved by C.W. Bright. : D68-21/51-1996E-PDF

"Prediction of sonar performance is an essential step in the design and development of large sonar systems. The sonar equation is most often used to predict detection performance, assuming constant mean values for signal and noise. Unfortunately, this analysis fails to account for changes in mean signal and noise conditions that may vary over hours, days or months. In the case of shipping noise and a horizontal towed array, the mean noise background may vary dramatically as ships move in and out of the main lobe of the beam pattern of a receiver. This report shows that computing probability density functions for actual receiver beam patterns, as well as imposing a constant ambient noise background over individual ship interferers, greatly alters Ship Resolution Gain (SRG) estimates. This is particularly true at low shipping densities, where the difference in SRG estimates may approach 30 dB. Lower SRG estimates are likely more representative of realistic ocean environments"--Abstract, page ii.

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