Oceanographic conditions in the Atlantic zone in 2024 / Peter S. Galbraith, Martine Lizotte, Marjolaine Blais, David Bélanger, Benoit Casault, Jonathan Coyne, Chantelle Layton, Kumiko Azetsu-Scott, Lindsay... : Fs97-18/400E-PDF

"This summarizes oceanographic conditions for 2024 detailed in Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program (AZMP) reports. Sea surface temperatures were overall second highest since 1982. Sea ice was at a record low in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Since around 2010, deep water temperatures and dissolved oxygen on the Scotian Shelf and Gulf of St. Lawrence had been greatly influenced by an increasing proportion of warm saline waters relative to cold fresh Labrador Water in recent years, but this peaked in 2022. In recent years, most regions exhibited either lower-than-normal nitrate levels in the subsurface layer, later-than-normal fall bloom onset, and/or higher-than-normal phytoplankton biomass accumulation during fall. Calanus finmarchicus returned to above-normal abundances in most regions in the past two years. Several metrics of ocean acidification have exhibited overall trends of deterioration"--Abstract, page vii.

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