Accumulation of fish mixed function oxygenase inducers by semipermeable membrane devices in river water and effluents, Athabasca, Peace and Wapiti Rivers, August and September, 1995 / prepared for the... : R71-49/3-127E-PDF

"The aquatic fauna of the Peace, Athabasca and Slave rivers are exposed to pulp mill effluent, and other types of industrial and municipal discharges.To understand the risks to fish from industrial effluent discharged into these rivers, it is important to know the distribution and fate of chemicals in receiving waters, i.e., the sites of contamination, and the biological responses of fish. Mixed function oxygenase (MFO) induction in fish liver is one of the easier and more sensitive responses to detect. It has been adopted in a wide range of environmental monitoring programs as the primary step preceding any detailed investigations. Briefly, MFOs are liver enzymes that increase after exposure to certain environmental stressors (e.g., PCBs, PAHs, dioxins and furans). Increased MFO activity is frequently observed in fish sampled from waters containing pulp mill effluent and is often associated with other changes in reproduction, growth, pathology and physiology"--Study perspective.

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