Physical oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 2022 / Peter S. Galbraith, Joël Chassé, Jean-Luc Shaw, Jacqueline Dumas, Denis Lefaivre, Marie-Noël Bourassa.: Fs97-18/354E-PDF

"An overview of physical oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence (GSL) in 2022 is presented as part of the Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program (AZMP). Sea ice seasonal maximum volume was slightly below normal, as was the January-April average. The winter cold layer (<-1 °C) volume was near normal, but below normal for T<0 °C. The August cold intermediate layer (CIL) average minimum temperature was the second highest of the 1985–2022 time series and the seasonally averaged minimum temperature index was the 3rd highest since 1981. On the Magdalen Shallows, the area covered by water with temperatures < 1 °C was near normal in June, but below normal by August-September. Sea surface temperatures averaged monthly over the Gulf were the highest of the satellite record in August and September and the May-November average was the highest of the time series. Deep water temperatures have been increasing overall in the Gulf since 2009. The Gulf-wide average temperature has hit new series record highs (since 1915) at 150 to 300 m, passing the threshold of 7 °C at 300 m for the first time. Bottom area covered by waters warmer than 6 °C was at a record high in several areas"--Abstract.

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