Initial application of the half-hectare unionid survey method in wetland habitats of the Laurentian Great Lakes, southern Ontario / by V. Minke-Martin, K.A. McNichols-O'Rourke, and T.J. Morris. : Fs97-4/3069E-PDF

In 2011, Fisheries and Oceans Canada undertook freshwater mussel surveys in two Great Lakes drainages using the semi-quantitative half-hectare survey method. Five sites were sampled on the lower Grand River and a total of 118 live animals were found, representing five species. Live Species at Risk included Quadrula quadrula, Obliquaria reflexa, and Toxolasma parvum. The dominant species in the Grand River was Q. quadrula, representing 55% relative abundance across four sites. Three sites were also sampled in the Royal Botanical Gardens along Hamilton Harbour and a total of 40 animals were found representing five species, including the first live record of T. parvum in Lake Ontario. Pyganodon grandis was the dominant species, representing 40% of animals observed. The habitats in the lower Grand River and Hamilton Harbour are soft, turbid, and difficult to sample with conventional techniques.

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