Effect of a density extremum on lock exchange flow / by Yehia R. Marmoush, Paul F. Hamblin, and Alan A. Smith. : En13-5/86-202E-PDF

"This manuscript summarizes the doctoral research activities of Y. Marmoush, Department of Civil Engineering McMaster University and is intended for an audience of fluid mechanicians, physical limnologists, geophysicists and power engineers. The research topic of determining how to characterize the spreading of large heated discharges in lakes and in winter was sparked by the concern of the Ontario Ministry of Environment on the possible damage to nearshore whitefish spawning grounds if the spawn is subjected to unnaturally heated water during a critical stage of their development. In 1980 Ontario Hydro undertook an extensive series of winter thermal plume mappings which served as an observational basis for the research study reported herein. By means of a somewhat idealized model of the winter thermal plume spreading referred to as the loch exchange flow, for the first time to our knowledge, this phenomenon was investigated in the case where the temperature of maximium density (4°C) plays a crucial role. In a laboratory experiment in the NNRI cold chamber the dramatic influence of the 4°C water was first demonstrated, and quantitative relations between the horizontal spreading distance and the background environmental relations where determined"--Exec. summary.

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