Benchmark simulations of underwater explosion gas bubble dynamics and interactions / Malcolm J. Smith, DRDC - Atlantic Research Centre. : D68-2/171-2016E-PDF

"The results of a series of benchmark simulations in one, two and three dimensions are presented to illustrate the capabilities of the Eulerian blast code Chinook (version 195) in simplified underwater explosion (UNDEX) scenarios. Attention in this study is focused on the behaviour of the underwater explosion gas bubble. 2D and 3D simulation results for a 1.1 g charge detonated in the free field agree well with empirical formulas for gas bubble radius and period for the first bubble pulse, whereas 1D simulation results fall short of the expected accuracy. Results for UNDEX near a free surface also agree well with empirical formulas in 2D and 3D, and realistic gas bubble jetting behaviour is predicted. Fluid-structure interaction simulations with a circular-plate target structure were simulated using Chinook coupled with the finite element program LS-Dyna. The predicted gas bubble behaviour is realistic for rigid target models, but unrealistic when the target plate is flexible. Of the two different coupling schemes used, Chinook's small deformation coupling scheme was more reliable; the large deformation coupling scheme worked consistently with rigid target models in 2D, but is prone to numerical problems in 3D"--Abstract, page i.

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